The aim of this project is to evaluate and identify the effect of a short-term 2-week multi-strain probiotic (MPRO) supplementation on the exercise-associated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and perturbations in high level female athletes of the Polish national team during strictly controlled conditions of a training camp, based on recommendations for best practices for probiotic (PRO) research in athletes and assessment of EX-associated GI perturbations.
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Changes in gastrointestinal integrity and inflammation markers (I-FABP, claudin-3, zonulin, LPS, scd-14, LBP, ocludin, lipocalin-2, DAO) (ng/mL) in blood after MPRO supplementation and PLA treatment
Timeframe: Baseline (before MPRO supplementation) and after 2 weeks of MPRO supplementation; baseline (before PLA supplementation) and after 2 weeks of PLA supplementation.
Changes in gastrointestinal integrity and inflammation markers (zonulin, ocludin, lipocalin-2) (ng/mL) in stool after MPRO supplementation and PLA treatment
Timeframe: Baseline (before MPRO supplementation) and after 2 weeks of MPRO supplementation; baseline (before PLA supplementation) and after 2 weeks of PLA supplementation.
Changes in gastrointestinal integrity and inflammation markers (calprotectin, lactoferrin) (μg/g) in stool after MPRO supplementation and PLA treatment
Timeframe: Baseline (before MPRO supplementation) and after 2 weeks of MPRO supplementation; baseline (before PLA supplementation) and after 2 weeks of PLA supplementation.
Changes in gastrointestinal integrity and inflammation markers (α-1 antitripsin) (mg/g) in stool after MPRO supplementation and PLA treatment
Timeframe: Baseline (before MPRO supplementation) and after 2 weeks of MPRO supplementation; baseline (before PLA supplementation) and after 2 weeks of PLA supplementation.
Changes in gut microbiota phylogenetic diversity (Faith's phylogenetic diversity index) after MPRO supplementation and PLA treatment
Timeframe: Baseline (before MPRO supplementation) and after 2 weeks of MPRO supplementation; baseline (before PLA supplementation) and after 2 weeks of PLA supplementation.
Changes in gut microbiota species diversity (Shannon diversity index) after MPRO supplementation and PLA treatment
Timeframe: Baseline (before MPRO supplementation) and after 2 weeks of MPRO supplementation; baseline (before PLA supplementation) and after 2 weeks of PLA supplementation.
Changes in gut microbiota species richness (number of observed species (OTUs)) after MPRO supplementation and PLA treatment
Timeframe: Baseline (before MPRO supplementation) and after 2 weeks of MPRO supplementation; baseline (before PLA supplementation) and after 2 weeks of PLA supplementation.