Smoking is a major public health concern, significantly affecting lung function and overall respiratory health. Heavy smoking leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and a decline in lung capacity. Exercise interventions, particularly those targeting the trunk muscles; have demonstrated potential in improving respiratory function. Trunk muscle strength is essential for optimal breathing mechanics, as these muscles support the chest wall and aid in the expansion and contraction of the lungs. There are two primary types of muscle strength training: isometric and isotonic. Isometric exercises involve static contractions where the muscle length does not change, while isotonic exercises involve dynamic movements with muscle lengthening and shortening. Each type of training offers unique benefits and impacts on muscle strength and endurance. This proposal aims to compare the effects of isometric versus isotonic trunk muscle strength training on lung function among heavy smokers, providing insights into their relative efficacy in improving respiratory health. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of Isometric versus Isotonic Trunk Muscle Strength Training on Lung Function in Heavy Smokers.
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Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) Moreover, smoking contributes to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can compromise muscle health. Chronic inflammation can lead to muscle wasting and weaken the structural integrity of
Timeframe: at baseline after 8 weeks
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Timeframe: at base line after 8 weeks
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
Timeframe: at baseline and after 8 weeks