The Acute Effects of Liquid IV's Pre-Workout Supplement on Muscle Endurance & Strength, Energy, and Cognition

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy males or females aged 18-55 * Must be recreationally trained or trained/developmental as previously defined (McKay et al., 2021) * Able to read and write in English * Willing to maintain their regular supplement routine during the study (other than what is listed in exclusion criteria) * Are not consistently taking, or will discontinue consuming other pre-workout supplements or dietary supplements, such as creatine, rhodiola, L-Theanine, glycerol, stimulants other than caffeine, or ingredients which may promote hydration or enhance physical performance within the past 2-weeks, and throughout the duration of the study. * Willing to restrict caffeine for 24 hours prior to testing * Will not participate in any strenuous exercise for a minimum of 72 hours prior to exercise performance assessments. Strenuous exercise as defined for this study includes ½ and full marathons (or more), heavy (i.e.,\>80% 1RM) lifting, and any high intensity, physical activity that could make your muscles sore. Exclusion Criteria: * Sedentary: Individuals performing less than 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week and engaging in resistance training fewer than 2 days per week, with no structured exercise routine. * Highly trained/national level or professional athlete: Individuals training ≥5 days per week in structured programs, including NCAA Division II/III athletes, national/professional competitors, or those targeting top 20% sport-spec…