Effect of Oral Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Drugs on Postoperative Bleeding Risk and Venous Closure Rate in Patients With Lower Extremity Varicose Veins After Radiofrequency Ablation

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18 years or older, with a confirmed diagnosis of primary lower extremity varicose veins (CEAP classification C2-C6) based on clinical examination and duplex ultrasound. * Underwent endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the great saphenous vein as the primary intervention. * Postoperatively, either: (a) continuously uses standard-dose oral antiplatelet drugs (e.g., aspirin 100mg/day, clopidogrel 75mg/day) or oral anticoagulant drugs (e.g., warfarin with INR maintained at 2.0-3.0, direct oral anticoagulants at standard therapeutic doses) as per clinical routine, or (b) does not use any antithrombotic drugs. * Able to understand and comply with the follow-up schedule (including 30-day bleeding assessment and 6-month duplex ultrasound examination) and provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of secondary varicose veins caused by deep vein thrombosis, venous malformation, or other vascular disorders. * History of coagulation disorders (e.g., hemophilia, thrombocytopenia with platelet count \<100×10⁹/L) or use of other antithrombotic agents (e.g., low-molecular-weight heparin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors) postoperatively. * Major bleeding events (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage) within 3 months prior to RFA. * Severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh class C), renal insufficiency (eGFR \<30 mL/min/1.73m²), or other life-threatening systemic diseases. * Unable to complete follow-up due to mental disord…