The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if using calcium sulfate beads that contain vancomycin (an antibiotic) and pain-relieving medicines during spine surgery can improve recovery compared to standard care with intravenous (IV) morphine and local pain medicines. Researchers want to know if the sustained release formulation of morphine from these calcium sulfate beads affect: * Postoperative length of stay * Postoperative pain scores * Postoperative narcotic analgesic requirements All participants in this study will already be scheduled to have spine surgery as part of their regular medical care. During surgery, participants will be assigned to receive either intraoperative placement of calcium sulfate beads with vancomycin alone or vancomycin with morphine and bupivacaine. All patients will still have access to standard of care with IV and PO pain regimens. Participants will then be followed after surgery to measure their pain, recovery, and medication use. Participation is voluntary, and choosing not to join will not affect a person's medical care.
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Total Postoperative Analgesic Consumption in Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME)
Timeframe: From end of surgery through 8 weeks post-surgery.
Change from Baseline in Postoperative Pain Intensity as Measured by PROMIS Pain Intensity Short Form 3a
Timeframe: Baseline (pre-surgery), 24-48 hours, 2-3 weeks, and 8 weeks post-surgery.
Length of Hospital Stay
Timeframe: From the day of surgery until hospital discharge (typically 2-7 days postoperatively)
Change from Baseline in Functional Status as Measured by PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 10a
Timeframe: Baseline (pre-surgery), 2-3 weeks, and 8 weeks post-surgery.
Change from Baseline in Functional Status as Measured by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)
Timeframe: Baseline (pre-surgery), 2-3 weeks, and 8 weeks post-surgery.