Music Therapy for Labor Pain and Anxiety

Inclusion Criteria: * Married Tunisian women with a singleton, low-risk pregnancy. * Admitted in the latent phase of spontaneous labor, as diagnosed by a midwife or resident. * Planned vaginal delivery. * Parity \< 4. * Gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks of amenorrhea. * Attended at least 4 prenatal consultations. * Normal physical and mental health status. * No known fetal anomalies. * Estimated fetal weight between 2500-4000 g. * Cephalic presentation. * Normal fetal heart rate and uterine contraction tracings. * Able to read, write, and understand study-related information. * Provided written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Women who received epidural analgesia during labor. * Presence of auricular malformations. * Difficulty in understanding or completing the VAS or STAI-Y assessments. * Serious medical or psychiatric disorders. * Multiple gestation or pregnancies requiring immediate intervention. * Preterm (\<37 weeks) or post-term (\>41 weeks) pregnancies. * Premature rupture of membranes. * Clinical chorioamnionitis or other infections (including HIV). * History of severe obstetric complications (e.g., cephalopelvic disproportion, intrauterine fetal death )