The investigators aim to investigate how individuals attending primary healthcare (PHC) services in Brazil for treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), identified there as having abnormal spirometry or as being at high risk for lung health problems (such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, collectively referred to as chronic respiratory disease (CRDs)) using the COLA-6 questionnaire, are able to access diagnostic testing and treatment. The investigators will re-assess people diagnosed with abnormal spirometry in the MARES1 study (NCT07050823) or identified as being at high-risk for CRDs in the MARES2 study (NCT07093021). The estimated sample size is 309 from MARES1 and 164 from MARES2 for a total sample size of 473. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with a diverse subsample of 30 participants to explore their experience accessing CRD diagnosis and treatment, including barriers and facilitators, while all participants will undergo basic data collection and spirometry.
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Barriers and facilitators to accessing care for those with newly diagnosed / suspected chronic respiratory disease in primary healthcare services in Brazil.
Timeframe: A single assessment visit conducted six months following diagnosis (participants from MARES1) / identification of being at high risk for chronic respiratory disease (participants from MARES2).