The goal of this clinical trial was to investigate the effect of Virtual Reality (VR) on intraoperative anxiety, stress, and patient satisfaction among Palestinian patients undergoing regional anesthesia. The study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of VR as a non-pharmacological intervention during surgery. The main research hypotheses are: H0: There will be no significant difference in anxiety levels between patients who receive immersive VR during regional anesthesia and those who do not receive pre- and post-virtual reality therapy. H0: There will be no significant difference in perceived stress levels between patients who receive immersive VR during regional anesthesia and those who do not receive pre- and post-virtual reality therapy. H0: There will be no significant difference in satisfaction levels between patients who receive immersive VR during regional anesthesia and those who do not receive pre- and post-virtual reality therapy. Participants will: Receive either VR intervention or standard care during their surgery. Complete assessments of anxiety and stress before and after the procedure using validated scales. Provide feedback on their satisfaction levels post-operation using a Visual Analog Scale. Be monitored for hemodynamic parameters throughout the surgical process.
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The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Timeframe: preoperative and then 60 minutes postoperatively
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)
Timeframe: preoperative and 60 minutes postoperatively