Evaluation of an Opioid Stewardship Program in Non-Cancer Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Outpatients at the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine or the Department of Physical Medicine \& Rehabilitation of the study site who received a prescription for opioid analgesics (oral, transdermal, sublingual, or buccal formulations containing oxycodone, fentanyl, tapentadol, hydrocodone, or morphine) due to chronic non-cancer pain during the study evaluation period (from IRB approval date to September 30, 2025) * Adults aged ≥19 years and \<80 years * Patients who voluntarily signed a written informed consent form after receiving a full explanation of the study and understanding its purpose Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with active cancer * Patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease * Patients diagnosed with a life-limiting illness eligible for hospice or palliative care as defined in Article 2 of the 'ACT ON HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE AND DECISIONS ON LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS AT THE END OF LIFE' * Pregnant patients * Patients who were prescribed opioid analgesics within the past month for postoperative pain management * Patients who were prescribed opioid analgesics within the past month for newly developed pain * Patients with communication difficulties * Patients who were prescribed buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder * Patients who are deemed inappropriate for study participation at the discretion of the investigator