This single-blind, randomized controlled trial will employ a two-arm parallel design (exercise group vs. control group) with a 12-week intervention period. Sex-stratified randomization will be implemented using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) to ensure balanced group allocation. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.
Who can participate
Age range19 Years – 65 Years
SexALL
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Inclusion Criteria:
* Clinically confirmed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) diagnosis according to revised McDonald criteria (2017)
* Aged 19-65 years (inclusive)
* Mild-to-moderate disability (EDSS score 1.0-5.5)
* No corticosteroid treatment within the previous 3 months
Exclusion Criteria:
* Acute MS relapse within 90 days prior to enrollment
* Regular participation in structured exercise programs (\>3 hours/week)
* Comorbid conditions that may limit exercise participation, including; significant orthopedic impairments, unstable cardiopulmonary conditions and other systemic disorders affecting physical activity
* Standard MRI contraindications (metallic implants, claustrophobia, etc.)
* Concurrent neurological disorders (other than MS)
* Initiation or modification of disease-modifying therapy within 6 months
* Severe spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale ≥3 in any major muscle group)