The goal of this trial is to evaluate the effects of therapeutic Virtual Reality (VR) on pain, anxiety, fatigue and boredom during intravenous (IV) cannulations in comparison to standard of care (SOC).The main question it aims to answer is whether VR can act as an adjuvant for the IV cannulation procedure and improve overall patient experience. Questionnaires were completed after the intravenous cannulation procedure during visits 1, 2 and 3. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess both primary (pain and anxiety) and secondary (fatigue and boredom) objectives, collecting self-reported data during the three visits. Heart Rate (measured in beats per minute (BPM)) and Blood Pressure (measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)) were measured after each procedure * Participants will come for their routine cannulation and be recruited if willing * Participants carry out the SOC procedure and are asked to fill out the questionnaires after * The procedure is carried out with VR at the next appointment after 3-4 weeks * This is repeated in the next visit
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Assessment of Pain using the Visual Analogue Scale
Timeframe: During the length of the cannulation procedure/VR session (between 10-20 minutes), at each clinical visit. Participants were scheduled for their next clinical visit/cannulation procedure exactly 2-4 weeks later, based on cross-matching results.
Assessment of Anxiety using the Visual Analogue Scale
Timeframe: During the length of the cannulation procedure/VR session (between 10-20 minutes), at each clinical visit. Participants were scheduled for their next clinical visit/cannulation procedure exactly 2-4 weeks later, based on cross-matching results.