Effects of a GLP-1 Formula Drink on Gut Microbiota and Glycemic Control in Prediabetic Individuals

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 to 70 years. * Clinically diagnosed with prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose: 100-125 mg/dL or HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%) or with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-34.9 kg/m², male or female. * Have not participated in similar clinical studies within the past three months. * Able to comprehend the informed consent form, including the study procedures, potential risks, and benefits, and able to provide written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with autoimmune diseases or cancer. * Diagnosed with gastrointestinal chronic diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, bowel control disorders, fecal incontinence, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease, colorectal cancer, short bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, lactose intolerance, or chronic diarrhea. * History of gastrointestinal surgery. * Planning pregnancy in the near future (including male partners), currently pregnant, or breastfeeding women. * Known allergy or hypersensitivity to probiotics or any of the study product ingredients. * History of major psychiatric disorders. * History of substance abuse or alcohol dependency.