Our goal is to determine whether hydration status influences inflammation, and overall physiological performance in adults aged 45-65. Aim 1: The effects of 4-day mild dehydration followed by 4-day rehydration (defined as approximately 2-3% body mass loss) on H2O2, upstream inflammatory signal (NFkB), mitochondrial fragmentation, and autophagy in circulating PBMCs. Aim 2: The effects of 4-day mild dehydration followed by 4-day rehydration (defined as approximately 2-3% body mass loss) on fasting glucose, sleep performance, and strength performance. Participant will: complete a 4-day hydration protocol, followed by a 4-day dehydration protocol, and then a 4-day rehydration protocol. attend five laboratory visits for testing: Day 1: Informed consent and familiarization Day 2: Pre-hydration testing (before the 4-day hydration protocol) Day 3: Pre-dehydration testing (before the dehyration protocol) Day 4: Post-dehydration testing (after the dehydration protocol) Day 5: Post-rehydration testing (after the rehydration protocol)
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Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Total body water (L)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Intracellular water (L)
Timeframe: Time Frame: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Extracellular water (L)
Timeframe: Time Frame: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Hand grip strength (kg)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Isometric leg pull strength (kg)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Total sleep time (hrs)
Timeframe: through study completion, 18 days
Sleep efficiency (%)
Timeframe: through study completion, 18 days
Number of awakenings (count)
Timeframe: through study completion, 18 days
PBMC H2O2 ( µg/mL)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
DRP1 (Arbitrary Units)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
MFN (Arbitrary Units)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
PINK1 (Arbitrary Units)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Parkin (Arbitrary Units)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)
Malondialdehyde (nmol/mg)
Timeframe: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing)