Effect of an App-based Intervention on Air Pollution in COPD Patients

Inclusion Criteria: Male or female, aged 18 years or older Clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on GOLD 2022 criteria (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC \< 0.70) Receiving care at urban primary care centers in Salamanca, Spain Able to use a smartphone (independently or with minimal assistance) Able and willing to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of a respiratory disease other than COPD (e.g., asthma, interstitial lung disease) Moderate to severe cognitive impairment Significant physical limitation that prevents participation in physical activity (e.g., NYHA Class III or IV heart failure, musculoskeletal conditions limiting walking) Advanced kidney or liver disease Severe mental illness or terminal condition Participation in another clinical trial Inability to use the mobile phone or smart band due to physical or technological limitations Plans to relocate to another city within 12 months of study start