High-Flow Nasal Cannula vs. NIV After Extubation in Children Undergoing Heart Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients under 18 years of age. * Post-cardiac surgery patients in the CICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital * Patients at high risk of extubation failure (e.g., young age, open sternotomy, mechanical ventilation \>48 hours). * Patients who pass the extubation readiness test and spontaneous breathing trial. Exclusion Criteria: * Diaphragmatic paralysis. * Decreased consciousness. * Neuromuscular disease. * Pneumothorax without drainage. * Airway obstruction. * Patients with a tracheostomy. * Unplanned extubation. * Patient received PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure) \>7 prior to extubation