Pregnancy and Lactation- Associated Osteoporosis

Inclusion Criteria: * Signature informed consent * Willingness to participate in the study and ability to complete the study-related questionnaires * Women in the first trimester of pregnancy at the time of inclusion in the study * Age between 18 and 45 years at the time of recruitment in the study * Absence of secondary osteoporosis (induced by diseases or medication use) * Absence of current or past conditions that could potentially interfere with bone metabolism (e.g., thyroid, kidney, or liver diseases) * Women of normal weight or with class I obesity (BMI between 18,5 and 34) Exclusion Criteria: * Absence of informed consent * Low compliance and/or inability to complete the study-related questionnaires * Women not beyond the first trimester of pregnancy and pregnancy-related or pre-existing comorbidities * Age under 18 or over 45 years * BMI less than 18.5 or greater than 34