The Effectiveness of Carbonate Apatite Bone Graft for Alveolar Ridge Preservation

Inclusion criteria: * Age between 20 and 80 years old * Patients requiring tooth extraction (incisors, canines, and premolars) due to caries, periodontal disease, tooth fracture, or unrestorable condition. * Extraction sockets must be infection-free with dehiscence less than 5mm. * Patients interested in implant placement after tooth extraction. Exclusion criteria: * Known allergies or hypersensitivities to medications related to the study (e.g., chlorhexidine) * Hematologic disorders or blood dyscrasias. * Active infectious diseases. * Liver or kidney dysfunction/failure. * Uncontrolled diabetes (i.e., HbA1c \> 8). * Undergoing active cancer treatment, including chemotherapy or radiotherapy within the last 12 months from the procedure. * Use of medications affecting bone healing (e.g., bisphosphonates, long-term anti-inflammatory medications). * Metabolic bone diseases affecting bone healing, such as osteoporosis (self-reported). * Pregnant or lactating women (self-reported). * Current smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day and former smokers who quit less than 10 years ago (self-reported). * Poor oral hygiene. * Presence of fenestration defects equal to or greater than 5mm.