This is an observational case-control study to assess the effectiveness of the R21/Matrix-M vaccine against severe malaria, clinical malaria (in high transmission perennial areas), and to assess if the R21 vaccine recipients are at an increased risk of deaths (all-cause). Clinical malaria, severe malaria and death (all-cause) cases will be enrolled in study. For each case (severe or death) 4 controls matched for age and neighborhood will be enrolled whereas for clinical malaria case, 1 matched control will be enrolled. 1. Proportion of vaccinated and unvaccinated children amongst Severe Malaria Cases caused by P. falciparum. 2. Proportion of vaccinated and unvaccinated children amongst Clinical Malaria Cases in high-transmission perennial areas caused by P. falciparum. 3. Proportion of vaccinated and unvaccinated children in cases of death (all cause) 4. Exploratory effectiveness endpoint: Proportion of vaccinated and unvaccinated children in the hospitalized clinical and severe malaria cases.
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Vaccine Effectiveness against Severe Malaria caused by P. falciparum
Timeframe: through study, an average of one year
Vaccine Effectiveness against clinical malaria caused by P. falciparum in high perennial transmission areas
Timeframe: through study, an average of one year
Risk of death (all cause) due to R21-vaccination
Timeframe: through study, an average of one year