The objective of this clinical trial was to understand whether FMT is effective in treating steroid-dependent/steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. It will also learn about the safety of FMT. The main question it was designed to answer was: Did FMT reduce participants '24-hour urine protein content? What medical problems did participants experience while using FMT? The researchers will compare FMT treatment with and without FMT on top of conventional treatment to see if FMT is effective in treating steroid-dependent/steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Participants will receive 2 FMT treatments, 1 endoscopic injection under anesthesia, 1 oral fecal bacteria transplantation capsule intake, and follow-up visits (weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48) every 4 weeks from the beginning of medication to our renal specialist clinic for drug efficacy evaluation and safety testing. Blood and fecal samples were collected to determine the effects of fecal bacterial transplantation on intestinal flora, fecal metabolomics, and intestinal mucosal permeability.
Age range
2 Years – 18 Years
Sex
ALL
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
24h urinary protein
Timeframe: follow-up visits (weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48) every 4 weeks from the beginning of medication to our renal specialist clinic for drug efficacy evaluation and safety testing
Gut microbiota
Timeframe: immediately Before FMT, immediately before second FMT, one month after second FMT
Zonulin
Timeframe: immediately Before FMT, immediately before second FMT, one month after second FMT