Ultrasound-Guided Dry Needling vs PRP for Refractory Lateral Epicondylitis

Plain-language summary

This single-center, randomized, prospective study was conducted between January 2022 and September 2023 with ethics committee approval. Adults aged 18-65 with a clinical diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis-characterized by lateral elbow pain exacerbated by resisted wrist or middle finger extension-and who had not responded to at least six weeks of conservative treatment were included. Exclusion criteria included cervical disc disease, nerve entrapment, arthrosis, uncontrolled metabolic disorders, bleeding disorders, prior elbow surgery or injection, pregnancy, cognitive impairment, or compromised skin at the injection site. A G\*Power sample size calculation determined that at least 50 patients were needed. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: 25 received ultrasound-guided dry needling and 25 received platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. All participants gave informed consent, and the study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected, and the diagnosis was confirmed using Mills, Maudsley, and Thomsen tests, along with grip-strength assessment. Pain and function were evaluated using the PRTEE, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and QuickDASH questionnaires at baseline, and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Ultrasound imaging was used to identify tendinopathic changes. Local anesthesia was administered with 2 mL of prilocaine. In the dry needling group, an 18-gauge needle was used to fenestrate the tendon with 40-50 passes in a "peppering" motion under continuous ultrasound guidance. In the PRP group, 15 mL of blood was drawn, centrifuged, and approximately 2 mL of PRP was injected into the lesion under ultrasound guidance. After the procedure, patients were advised to apply ice, perform passive stretching, avoid lifting heavy objects, and refrain from NSAID use for two weeks. Gradual return to normal activities was encouraged thereafter to restore full elbow function.

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