This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of music played during liver donor surgery on hemodynamic parameters and cortisol levels. Ninety participants were divided into three groups: music, silence (with headphones but no sound), and a control group with no intervention. The study aimed to evaluate whether music can reduce stress-related physiological responses during surgery.
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Change in Serum Cortisol Levels During the Intraoperative Period
Timeframe: Intraoperative (from pre-induction to the 30th minute of surgery)