Improving Oral and Systemic Health in Individuals With Prediabetes Through Personalized Oral Hygiene Advice Provided by Dentists or by AI

Inclusion Criteria: * \- Subjects who are \>18 years of age and able to give informed consent. * \- Subjects who are mentally and cognitively healthy. * \- Subjects who have at least 6 anterior maxillary or mandibular natural teeth including incisors and canine. * \- Subjects who are with prediabetic state with impaired HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%, impaired fasting plasma glucose level 5.6mmol/L to 6.9 mmol/L and/or impaired plasma glucose level after 2h OGTT 7.8 mmol/L to 11.0 mmol/L. * \- Subjects who can speak, read, or understand Cantonese to complete the satisfaction questionnaire. * \- Subjects who can practice oral hygiene procedure (regular tooth brushing and interdental cleansing/flossing/brushing) daily on their own independently. Exclusion Criteria: * \- Subjects who have less than 6 anterior maxillary or mandibular natural teeth with or without dental prostheses in those area. * \- Subjects who are with a current diagnosis or clinical history of T2DM. * \- Subjects who have mental illness, or similar problems that unable to complete the satisfaction questionnaire. * \- Subjects who cannot perform oral hygiene procedure (regular tooth brushing and interdental cleansing/flossing/brushing) by any condition of oral cavity such as tumor or maxillomandibular fixation.