The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on postoperative pain, lymphedema development, shoulder range of motion, and quality of life in women undergoing breast cancer surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does TENS reduce postoperative pain? Does TENS prevent postoperative lymphedema? Does TENS increase postoperative shoulder range of motion? Does TENS improve postoperative quality of life? The researchers will compare the effects of TENS after breast surgery with a control group. Participants will be assessed for pain, lymphedema development, and shoulder range of motion before surgery, on the first day after surgery, at the first month after surgery, and at the third month after surgery. Quality of life will be assessed before surgery, at the first month after surgery, and at the third month after surgery.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
FEMALE
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Pain intensity
Timeframe: Until the end of 3 month
Lymphedema severity
Timeframe: Until the end of 3 month
Shoulder and arm mobility
Timeframe: Until the end of 3 month