The purpose of this observational study is to explore the incidence, risk factors, and relationship with therapeutic outcomes of VTE (venous thromboembolism) and ATE (arterial thromboembolism) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. The primary questions it aims to address are: 1. What is the real-world incidence of VTE/ATE in lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors? 2. What are the risk factors and biomarkers for VTE/ATE in lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors? 3. What is the impact of VTE/ATE on the prognosis of lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors? Researchers will compare the characteristics and biomarkers of patients with and without ICI-associated VTE/ATE to identify novel specific biomarkers for thrombotic events. Furthermore, they will construct a risk assessment model for thrombotic events to provide guidance for precision prevention and treatment in clinical practice.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated venous thromboembolism/arterial thromboembolism
Timeframe: Begin on the date of the first ICI dose and end upon death, initiation of subsequent systemic anticancer therapy other than ICI, or 3 months after the last ICI cycle, whichever comes first, assessed up to 96 months.