Precision Dosing of Beta-lactam Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children

Inclusion Criteria: * Subject aged between 0 - 17 years 10 months. * Subject admitted to a participating ward unit (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology unit). * Strongly suspected or confirmed systemic infection. * Subject planned to start on intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem treatment at least aimed for a minimum duration of two days at time of inclusion. If the subject was previously treated with the same beta-lactam, the minimum interval to the previous beta-lactam treatment episode is * 40 hours for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (based on elimination half-life) * 8 hours for piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem (based on elimination half-life) Subject planned to start on intravenous amoxicillin (without clavulanic acid) will not be included. * Informed consent/assent signed by parents or legal representatives of the subject. * Not previously enrolled in this trial. Exclusion Criteria: * Subject with serum creatinine level ≥ 2 mg/L at inclusion. * Subject receiving (or planned to receive) haemofiltration, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, molecular adsorbent recirculating system or any other exchange technique. * Subject receiving (or planned to receive) body cooling. * Subject death is deemed imminent and inevitable. * Reporting of first dosing advice (based on blood sampling) is not possible within 28 hours (\*) after start treatmen…