The Effect of CUGP Fluid Management in Patients With Sepsis or Septic Shock

Inclusion Criteria: * 1\. Age ≥ 18 years old; * 2\. Estimated length of ICU stay ≥ 24 hours; * 3\. Diagnosis according to the Sepsis 3.0 criteria, which included: * a. suspected or confirmed infections supported by clinical evidence and/or positive microbiological findings; * b. the sepsis related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2. Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Patients were pregnant woman; * 2\. Patients had acute coronary syndrome; * 3\. Patients had acute pulmonary edema; * 4\. Patients had status asthmatics; * 5\. Patients had malignant arrhythmia; * 6\. Patients had active gastrointestinal bleeding; * 7\. Patients had epileptic seizure; * 8\. Patients had drug poisoning; * 9\. Patients had severe burns; * 10\. Patients had contraindications of blood transfusion; * 11\. Patients had intra-abdominal hypertension (intra-abdominal pressure increases continuously ≥ 12mmHg); * 12\. Patients had acute pulmonary embolism; * 13\. Patients had contraindications of leg raising; * 14\. Patients had cardiac structural or functional abnormalities (left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation), it would seriously affect the velocity time integral of left ventricular outflow tract; * 15\. Patients or their legal representatives refused active treatment; * 16\. Patients or their legal representatives refused to participate in this study; * 17\. Patients were participating in other interventional clinical trials.