The purpose of this research is to examine the possible causes and signs of freezing of gait (FOG) secondary to Parkinson's disease (PD). To achieve this, the study will use the novel (on-label and FDA-approved) local field potential (LFP) measuring capability of the Medtronic Perceptâ„¢ deep brain stimulation (DBS) system to compare oscillatory activity in people who have Parkinson's disease, with and without freezing of gait (FOG). This will be conducted as three separate experiments, participants may volunteer for one or more experiments: Experiment 1: The first experiment will compare LFPs during gait initiation with and without a cue, in people with (PD+FOG) and without FOG (PD-FOG). Experiment 2: The second experiment will compare LFPs during the successful movement transitions vs. freezing-events during a FOG provocation course in people with FOG. Experiment 3: The third experiment will compare LFPs during rapid alternating movements of the wrist and/or foot, in people with and without FOG
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Quantification of the anticipatory postural adjustments magnitudes (cm)
Timeframe: During the intervention
Quantification of the anticipatory postural adjustments duration (sec)
Timeframe: During the intervention
Step characteristics of the first two steps, length (cm)
Timeframe: During the intervention
Step characteristics of the first two steps, width (cm)
Timeframe: During the intervention
Step characteristics of the first two steps, duration (sec)
Timeframe: During the intervention
The coherence magnitudes between the cortex and globus pallidus (dB)
Timeframe: During the intervention
The coherence magnitudes between the cortex and EMG (dB)
Timeframe: During the intervention
The coherence magnitudes between the globus pallidus and EMG (dB)
Timeframe: During the intervention
Number of freezing episodes
Timeframe: During the intervention
Rapid Alternating Movements of Wrist Pronation/Supination (degrees)
Timeframe: During the intervention
Rapid Alternating Movements of Supination or Ankle plantar/dorsi-flexion (degrees)
Timeframe: During the intervention
Peak power of local field potential oscillations (dB)
Timeframe: During the intervention