CompletedNot Applicable

Stress Ball Effects to Pain, Anxiety, Satisfaction and Treatment Continuity During ESWL

Turkey (Türkiye)64 participantsStarted 2025-05-28

Plain-language summary

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a minimally invasive procedure, is used in the treatment of urolithiasis. The shock waves used in this procedure, which does not require any incision, cause pain in the superficial structures of the body such as skin, muscles and deep structures such as costae, nerves and kidney tissue. This pain may cause patients not to tolerate the treatment, delay in recovery, decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment and decrease in satisfaction. Patients may also experience anxiety about the procedure prior to treatment. Anxious patients experience more pain during ESWL. Pain and anxiety increase the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine response, leading to physiologic changes such as increased blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen requirement of the body. This may negatively affect the vital signs of the patients. Therefore, it is essential to relieve pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ESWL and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods are used for this purpose. Pharmacologic methods such as analgesics, opioids and sedative agents are used to reduce pain and anxiety in patients. Since these methods have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, gastric bleeding, respiratory depression, tachycardia, constipation, the use of non-pharmacological methods that can be applied by nurses is increasing. One of the non-pharmacologic methods is the stress ball, which uses the sense of touch to divert attention with cognitive focus. In this simple, reliable, cheap and easily accessible method, pain and anxiety are reduced by directing the mind to the attention-grabbing stimulus.

Who can participate

Age range18 Years

SexALL

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AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.

Inclusion Criteria: * Those who agreed to participate in the study and whose verbal and written consent was obtained, * 18 years of age or older, * Can speak, read and write Turkish, * Does not have any cognitive, affective and verbal problems that prevent them from communicating, * Open to communication, * First time ESWL, * The first session of ESWL will be administered, * Body mass index \<30 kg\\m2, * Have not taken any analgesic before the procedure, * Not taking anticoagulants before the procedure, * Have not experienced renal colic pain immediately before the procedure, * Not pregnant, * Patients for whom ESWL is not contraindicated for any reason will be included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * No verbal or written authorization can be obtained, * Under 18 years of age, * They cannot speak, write or read Turkish, * Have any cognitive, affective and verbal problem that prevents them from communicating, * The one who is closed to communication, * Previously undergone ESWL, * You will undergo a second or more sessions of ESWL, * Body mass index \>30 kg\\m2, * Who has taken analgesics before the procedure, * Anticoagulants taken before the procedure, * Experiencing renal colic pain just before the procedure, * Pregnant, * Patients in whom ESWL is contraindicated will not be included in the study.

What they're measuring

Pain level

Timeframe: Up to six weeks

Anxiety level

Timeframe: Up to six weeks

Trial details

NCT IDNCT06846723

SponsorMersin University

Sponsor typeOTHER

Study typeINTERVENTIONAL

Primary completion2025-09-15