Non-intubated Thoracoscopic surgery (NITS) is a newly emerging minimally invasive surgical technique in recent years . Compared with traditional intubation general anesthesia, it has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications . This surgical method allows patients to perform under local anesthesia or regional block and moderate sedation, providing a physiologic ventilation method , reducing the intervention on the respiratory system and conducive to rapid postoperative recovery. The importance of sedative drugs in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery Successful implementation of non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery requires sound regional block, airway management, and rational use of intravenous sedation and analgesics . In addition, sedative drugs need to have less respiratory and circulatory inhibition and fewer side effects. Propofol, as the most commonly used sedative drug, has a high incidence of adverse reactions such as injection pain and respiratory and circulatory inhibition. A large number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews have compared the sedative effects of remazolam and propofol, proving that Remazolam, as a new sedative, has advantages such as short half-life, rapid onset, rapid recovery, and light respiratory and circulatory inhibition.Compared with traditional benzodiazepines, Remazolam has a shorter half-life, which is conducive to rapid postoperative wakeup and reduces the risk of discomfort and cognitive dysfunction in patients. In addition, remazolam has little influence on the respiratory system and is relatively stable on the circulatory system ，which is an ideal sedation option for non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery that retains spontaneous respiration. Afentanil mainly acts on μ opioid receptors , and its analgesic intensity is about 15 times that of morphine, which has the advantages of rapid onset, short duration of action, rapid recovery, high safety, and few adverse reactions . Afentanil has a short half-life , mild respiratory depression, low incidence of cough, postoperative nausea and vomiting . Remazolam combined with afentanil is widely used in various surgeries or examinations that preserve spontaneous breathing, such as gastroenteroscopy, ERCP, hysteroscopy, short-term plastic surgery and fiberbronchoscopy, and has shown the advantage of light respiratory circulation inhibition . We speculate that remazolam combined with afentanil may have certain advantages in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery that retains spontaneous breathing. At present, the application of remazolam combined with afentanil in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery is still lacking. The purpose of this study was to observe the safety and effectiveness of remazolam combined with afentanil in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery, and to provide a better choice of sedation drugs for non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery.
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the incidence of hypoxia
Timeframe: during the surgery