The aim of this clinical study is to examine the impact of physical activity on the physical and mental health of postmenopausal women, with a particular focus on the development of disability. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1. Can physical activity programs (Nordic walking, Bungy Pump, strength training, functional general conditioning training) prevent loss of mobility, bone density and urinary incontinence, reduce the risk of falls, lower metabolic syndrome parameters, and improve cardiovascular endurance in postmenopausal women? 2. Do regular exercises improve cognitive functions, motivation, memory, visual coordination, mood, and quality of life in postmenopausal women? Researchers will compare the test groups (Nordic Walking, Bungy Pump, strength training, functional general conditioning training) with the control group to determine whether physical activity brings benefits in terms of physical and mental health compared to no intervention. Participants will: Take part in a three-month physical activity program that includes Nordic walking, Bungy Pump exercises, functional general conditioning training and strength training, depending on the group. The control group will not participate in any additional physical exercise program and will continue with their usual daily activities.
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Risk of Falls
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Bone Density
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Triglycerides (Metabolic syndrome Indicators)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Total cholesterol (Metabolic syndrome Indicators)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (no-HDL-C)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Fasting blood glucose (FBG)
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Gait Speed
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Skeletal muscle index
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Cognitive Abilities Assessment
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Quality of Life
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
VO2max
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Gait
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Static Balance
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Pelvic Floor Muscle Function
Timeframe: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 3 months
Daily steps
Timeframe: Physical activity levels were monitored for 7 days prior to the test