This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the dynamic effects of various dietary interventions on visceral fat and biochemical markers among healthy adults. Participants aged 18-35 years with a normal body mass index (BMI 18.5-23.9) will be recruited from the community. Exclusion criteria include metabolic diseases, unstable weight, medication use, or pregnancy. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of seven groups: 1) balanced diet (100% energy), 2) time-restricted eating (16+8, 100% energy), 3) time-restricted eating (16+8, 75% energy), 4) alternate-day fasting (75% energy), 5) 5+2 fasting (75% energy), 6) low-calorie diet (75% energy), and 7) very low-calorie diet (45% energy). The intervention consists of a 1-week baseline phase, a 4-week dietary intervention phase, and a 28-week recovery phase. Primary outcomes include changes in visceral fat area, while secondary outcomes include body composition, cardiovascular health indicators (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol), inflammation markers, and liver/kidney function. Biological samples (blood, urine, and feces) will be collected at multiple time points to facilitate multi-omics analyses, including proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, and DNA methylation. The study aims to compare the short-term effects of different dietary interventions and explore underlying biological mechanisms. Findings will provide evidence for public health policies and dietary guidelines related to weight management and metabolic health.
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Change in Visceral Fat Area over the Course of the Dietary Intervention
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 5, Week 8, and Week 32