All factors that influence the peak bone mass achieved at skeletal maturity are important in determining an individual's risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Bone health begins with maternal health and nutrition, which influence skeletal mass and bone density in utero. The mechanisms underlying the effect of the intrauterine environment on bone health are currently unknown, but certainly include 'fetal programming' of oxidative stress and endocrine systems, as these influence skeletal growth and development later in life. For the prevention of bone health, the challenges rely 1) in the need for new technology and software specific and applicable to the fetus and newborn; 2) in establishing the effect of environmental contaminants, in particular endocrine disruptors, oxidative stress and subsequent epigenetic changes in mothers and subsequently on the fetus, newborn and infant.
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Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Timeframe: >37 and <42 weeks; 48 hours; 1, 3, 6, and 12 months
MicroRNA assay on umbilical cord blood
Timeframe: at birth
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) on umbilical cord blood at birth.
Timeframe: at birth
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) on urine at 1 months of age.
Timeframe: 1 month
Oxidative stress (OS) profile
Timeframe: at birth, 1 month
Oxidative stress (OS) molecules
Timeframe: at birth, 1 month
Lipid mediators involved in oxidative stress
Timeframe: at birth, 1 month
Standard biochemical tests
Timeframe: at birth, 1 month
Exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDCs) related to diet, clothing and the use of cosmetics and detergents.
Timeframe: at the enrollment