The aim is to investigate whether screening for islet autoantibodies, regular follow-up, and increased knowledge in families about the progression of the disease in children at high genetic risk or with single or multiple islet autoantibodies (stage 1 or 2 type 1 diabetes) ensures an earlier diagnosis of stage 3 type 1 diabetes compared to no screening or follow-up. Risk factors studied in relation to disease progression are the impact of higher-than-average weight gain, insulin resistance, and physical activity, both individually and in combination, on the risk of developing autoantibodies and disease progression. An alternative diagnostic method, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), will be evaluated for its for usefullness in early diagnosis of stage 2 and 3 type 1 diabetes as alternatives to oral glucose tolerance tests. Another aim is to investigate the psychological impact of being aware that the children are at a higher risk of type 1 diabetes. When a child in the study develops stage 3 type 1 diabetes, the psychological impact and metabolic control during the first five years after diagnosis will be compared to children not followed before the diagnosis.
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Early diabetes diagnosis, measured as HbA1c, symptoms, incidence of DKA
Timeframe: From enrollment to a maximum of 10 years follow-up
Growth in relation to development of 1 islet autoantibody and progression to multiple islet autoantibodies and clinical type 1 diabetes
Timeframe: From enrollement to a maximum of 10 years follow up.
Insulin resistance in relation to development of islet autoantibodies, progression to multiple islet autoantibodies and clinical type 1 diabetes
Timeframe: From enrollment to a maximum of 10 years follow-up
Physical activity in relation to development of islet autoantibodies, progression to multiple islet autoantibodies and clinical type 1 diabetes
Timeframe: From enrollement to a maximum of 10 years follow up.
Measurements derived from continous glucose monitoring (CGM) compared to blood glucose testing during OGTT in diagnosing early stages of type 1 diabetes
Timeframe: From enrollment to a maximum of 10 years follow-up
Psychological impact of screening and follow up, measured by validated questionnaires
Timeframe: From enrollment to a maximum of 10 years follow-up
Psychological impact of screening after diagnosis measured by validated questionnaires
Timeframe: From T1D diagnosis until the last visit, maximum 5 years after diagnosis.
Metabolic control after clinical diagnosis
Timeframe: From T1D diagnosis until the last visit, maximum 5 years after diagnosis.