This clinical trial aims to learn if enteral feeding influences cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation during red blood cell infusion in very low birth-weight preterm infants. It will also learn about how continuing or withholding enteral feeding during blood transfusion might trigger transfusion-related necrotizing enterocolitis. The main questions, it aims to answer are:
* Does continuing or withholding enteral feeding have any impact on splanchnic and cerebral oxygenation in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants?
* Does continuing enteral feeding result in feeding intolerance during red blood cell infusion or transfusion-related necrotizing enterocolitis (TANEC) in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants? Researchers will compare regional cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation obtained by Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring while receiving red blood cell transfusion.
Participants will:
* Continue or withhold enteral feeding during red blood cell infusion, and all participants will be under NIRS monitoring for the following 48 hours after the blood transfusion.
* Be monitored for any signs and symptoms of new-onset feeding intolerance and/or necrotizing enterocolitis for 48 hours following the blood transfusion
Who can participate
Age range1 Day – 30 Days
SexALL
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Inclusion criteria
✓. infants with gestational age ≤32 weeks and/or birthweight ≤1500 gr,
✓. survival at least the first week of life
✓. being able to tolerate a minimum total daily feeding volume of 100 mL/kg/day,
✓. hemodynamically stable infant (no need of inotropic support)
✓. receiving packed red blood cell transfusion for the treatment of anemia of prematurity
Exclusion criteria
✕. feeding intolerance
✕. newly or previously diagnosed stage II and greater necrotizing enterocolitis
✕. spontaneous intestinal perforation
✕. suspected / proven sepsis in the previous 72 hours
✕. neonates in need of high-frequency oscillated ventilation support,
✕
What they're measuring
1
Splanchnic oxygenation
Timeframe: Prior to red blood cell transfusion to 48 hours following blood transfusion
2
Cerebral oxygenation
Timeframe: Prior to red blood cell transfusion to 48 hours following blood transfusion