Intrathecal Morphine vs. Quadratus Lumborum Block for Pain in Laparoscopic Nephrectomy

Inclusion Criteria: * 18-70 years who had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status classification I-III Exclusion Criteria: * refusal to participate in the study * body mass index\>35 kg/m2 * contraindications to peripheral nerve blocks or spinal anesthesia (e.g., the presence of coagulopathy or pre-existing local or systemic infection etc.) * unable to perform regional anesthesia because of anatomical deformity * clinically important cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or preexisting significant organ dysfunction (eg, hepatic, renal or respiratory disorders) * allergic reaction to any study drugs * history of substance * abuse within the three-month period prior to surgery, chronic opioid use for at least a continuous administration of opioids for a duration of 30 days at daily morphine-equivalent dose ≥15 mg/d (1) * psychiatric illness and disorder in communication.