This study aims to examine whether Greek yogurt (GY) consumption will lead to beneficial changes in bone metabolism and inflammation, in senior adults, male and female, when combined with regular exercise (senior fit classes; GYEX) and without exercise (GYNE). It is hypothesized that compared to a control group (senior fit classes, no GY; NYEX), an 8-week GY consumption intervention in senior adults with and without exercise will lead to positive effects on body composition, and markers of bone metabolism and inflammation such that the anabolic and anti-inflammatory markers of these physiological processes will increase more than any training-induced catabolic and pro-inflammatory markers (i.e., more than measures observed in the NYNE group).
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Serum concentrations of osteocalcin
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of sclerostin
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Î’ ligand (RANKL)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL6)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Plasma concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL10)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 Plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of irisin
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8
Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 and 8