Effects of Oral Nicotine and Caffeine Pouches on Anaerobic Performance, Autonomic Function, Cognition, and Behavior

Inclusion Criteria: * Being 21 to 40 years of age * Being biologically male * Having a body mass index (BMI) of \< 30 kilograms/meter-squared * Participating in moderate/vigorous exercise for at least 150 minutes/week over the last month Exclusion Criteria: * individuals who are younger than 21 or older than 40 * missing any limbs or part of a limb * having any neuromuscular/musculoskeletal injury or impairment that would prevent performing any exercise/functional measures for this study * having a pacemaker or any other electrical implant * a diagnosis (defined as the presence of disease of or using medication to treat the disease) of heart failure, cardiomyopathy (dilated or hypertrophic), valvular disease, type I or type II diabetes * taking insulin injections * any history of severe or mild traumatic brain injury within the last two years * kidney, liver, thyroid, or heart disease * treated or untreated American Heart Association stage 2 hypertension (\>140 millimeters of mercury / \> 90 millimeters of mercury) * any diagnosed neurological or neurodegenerative diseases * having donated blood or plasma in the last 20 days prior to blood collection procedures * taking any supplements/medications that may interfere with the results of the study * any surgeries that would impact swallowing and/or digestion * currently smoking, vaping, using e-cigarettes, or using any other combustible/smokeless tobacco products * using smokeless tobacco-free nicotine products on more than …