Nutritional treatment is key in managing obesity; however, the lack of fullness or satiety signals may affect adherence to this treatment. Coffee and inulin consumption, separately, have been shown to increase satiety and GLP-1 concentrations and reduce appetite and energy intake, but they have not been evaluated together. It is necessary to obtain scientific evidence contributing to recommendations for controlling appetite in an obesity context. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of coffee and agave inulin-based beverage consumption on appetite sensations, dietary intake, and ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY concentrations in adults with obesity. For that purpose, a double-blind, randomized crossover clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of daily consumption, during two weeks, of a coffee and inulin-based beverage compared to a control beverage. Appetite sensations will be analyzed with visual analogue scales, dietary intake with a 3-day self-reporting of food intake, and appetite hormones with ELISA assays. The measurements will be performed in 6 scheduled sessions. In each session, fasting and postprandial appetite variables will be evaluated.
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Comparison of the subjective appetite sensations when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage.
Timeframe: Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention beverage. Basally and two weeks after taking the control beverage. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, they will be measured at times -30, 0 (beverage consumption), 30, and 60 minutes.
Comparison of acylated ghrelin concentrations when consuming the intervention drink vs. the control drink.
Timeframe: Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measure at -30 and 30 minutes after consumption of the beverage
Comparison of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage.
Timeframe: Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measured at times -30 and 30 minutes after consumption of the beverage.
Comparison of the PYY levels when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage.
Timeframe: Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measured at times -30 and 30 minutes after the beverage consumption.
Comparison of dietary intake when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage.
Timeframe: 3 days, being a weekday, a weekend day, and the day before the session
Comparison of liking and wanting for specific foods when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage.
Timeframe: Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention beverage. Basally and two weeks after taking the control beverage. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, they will be measured at times -30, 0 (beverage consumption), 30, and 60 minutes.
Comparison of specific sensory desire when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage.
Timeframe: Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, they will be measured at -30, 0 (beverage consumption), 30, 30 and 60 minutes.
Comparison of food choice when consuming the intervention beverage vs. the control beverage.
Timeframe: Basally and two weeks after taking the intervention drink. Basally and two weeks after taking the control drink. In total, on four occasions. And on each occasion, it will be measured at 60 minutes.