Efficacy and Safety of Vitamin D Supplementation Combined With Alarm Therapy in Treating Nocturnal Enuresis

Inclusion Criteria * Children aged 5-18 years diagnosed with PMNE-defined as intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep in a children who are never dry for more than 6 months and have no other lower urinary tract symptoms-according to the latest International Children's Continence Society guidelines, presenting at outpatient urology clinics. * Serum vitamin D level below 30 ng/mL. * Written informed consent obtained from each participant and their guardian. * Adequate psychological and cognitive function, no communication barriers, and ability to accurately report symptoms and potential adverse reactions during treatment. Exclusion Criteria * Urological malformations or serious urological disease, such as hypospadias, cryptorchidism, posterior urethral valves, vesicoureteral reflux, neurogenic bladder, urinary tumors, urinary stones, or bladder/urethral injuries. * Neurological disorders, including epilepsy, spinal cord injury or dysplasia, spinal embolism syndrome, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. * Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or hyperthyroidism. * Severe systemic disease, including significant cardiac disease, renal or hepatic insufficiency, pulmonary disease, bone deformities, gastrointestinal disorders, or inherited metabolic disorders. * Conditions predisposing to sleep apnea, such as adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy, deviated nasal septum, craniofacial abnormalities, or central sleep apne…