This will be a (2 visit) double-blind, randomized, crossover design clinical study to assess the potential benefits of ER-CAFF versus IR-CAFF by assessing its impact on side effect profiles, mood states, alertness, and cognitive abilities following ingestion after a suboptimal night of sleep. This study will enroll 30 healthy men and women who will be recruited by word of mouth, email contact, and direct contact from the greater Tampa Bay Area. To account for potential dropouts, we aim to enroll approximately 20% over the desired sample size (total of 36 participants). The anticipated study period will last approximately 2 weeks. After initial pre-screening, participants will report to the laboratory on two separate occasions after an overnight fast (10 hours minimum). Participants will be required to have a night of partial sleep deprivation the night before (\<5 hours sleep), which will be confirmed by self reported sleep logs and objective multisensor (triaxial accelerometry and cardiac data) wearable devices to accurately measure sleep deficit data. Upon arrival, participants will undergo baseline (BL) testing and then ingest a bolus of one study product with 4-8 ounces of water: 400 mg zümXR extended-release caffeine (ER-CAFF), or 400 mg of immediate-release caffeine anhydrous (IR-CAFF) (2 group, crossover design). Thereafter, participants will undergo subsequent testing sessions at 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation. After the 4-hour (240 min) measurements, a caffeine-free food bar will be provided. This same food bar will also be offered to participants following the final 7-hour (420 min) measurements. The precise measures and timepoints for the measures are further defined below. There will be a one-week minimum washout period between treatments in the crossover design.
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Changes in Concentration using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Energy using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Confidence using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Mood Enhancement using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Jitteriness using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Anxiousness using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Sleepy using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Irritability using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Heart Rate (Heart Pounding) using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Changes in Headache using Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 90, 135, 240, 300, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation.
Heart rate (HR)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 135, 240, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation
Diastolic blood pressure (BP)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 135, 240, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation
Systolic blood pressure (BP)
Timeframe: baseline, 45, 60, 135, 240, 360, and 420 minutes post-supplementation