A Safety and Feasibility Trial Protocol of Metformin in Infants After Perinatal Brain Injury

Inclusion Criteria: * \<6 months old at time of enrollment, and able to initiate study drug between 3 and 6 months old. * Born \> 35 weeks gestational age with a clinical diagnosis of HIE at birth, who receive therapeutic hypothermia. * Post-hypothermia brain MRI with evidence of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, based on the neuroradiology clinical report. Specifically, participants must have had evidence of a lactate peak by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or signal abnormalities by conventional (T1 and/or T2) or diffusion-weighted images consistent with hypoxic-ischemic pattern of injury. * English- or Spanish-speaking families, as the parents/guardians will be responsible for documenting dose administrations and adverse events. Exclusion Criteria: * Known genetic or chromosomal disorder, and in the presence of congenital or acquired liver or kidney disease that might, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator (PI) or delegate, affect drug metabolism. * Maternal use of metformin while actively breastfeeding. * Infant weight below the 10th percentile based on WHO growth charts at the time of study drug initiation. * Normal post-hypothermia brain MRI, without evidence of ischemic brain injury, based on the neuroradiology clinical report. * Concomitant use of the following drugs: anti-diabetic drugs (insulin, sulfonylureas), steroids, diuretics (furosemide, chlorothiazide, spironolactone), diazoxide, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II blockers, calcium chann…