Triapine in Combination With Temozolomide for the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must have histologically confirmed World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2-4 glioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type (WT) (by immunohistochemistry \[IHC\] R132H negative \[neg\] or sequencing). Astrocytoma with molecular features of glioblastoma (GBM). Confirmed diagnosis via molecular testing * Patients must have an established diagnosis of recurrent glioblastoma and: * Group 1 and 2: recurrent glioblastoma * Group 3: Surgically amenable recurrent glioblastoma * Patients must have stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroids equivalent to ≤ 6 mg dexamethasone, for ≥ 7 days prior to registration * Patients with disease that has progressed after a standard or investigational first-line therapy (e.g. radiotherapy \[RT\], RT plus temozolomide) with or without tumor treating fields therapy (TTFields) * Note: Patients who have received fractionated first-line radiation therapy and no prior chemotherapy (e.g. as common practice for MGMT unmethylated tumors), or who have participated in an investigational protocol substituting TMZ for a novel agent are eligible * Patients must be able to undergo contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) * Patients must be age ≥ 18 years * Patients must exhibit a Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70 * Leukocytes (white blood cells \[WBC\]) ≥ 3,000/mcL * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500/mcL * Hemoglobin (Hgb) ≥ 8 g/dL (transfusion may be used for eligibility outside of 7 days) * Platelets (…