Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a chronic hereditary autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene which codes for pyrin. Dysfunction of this protein determines an inappropriate response to inflammatory stimuli. The clinical course of the disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation of the serous membranes, which manifest with chest, abdominal and joint pain. Several studies suggest a possible association between acute FMF attacks and dietary triggers, including wheat. However, it is still unclear to what extent wheat is responsible for the reactivation of FMF and if, between one acute attack and another, patients with FMF experience other symptoms, both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal, characteristic of gluten/wheat sensitivity not linked to celiac disease or immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated wheat allergy (i.e. Non-Celiac Wheat Gluten/Sensitivity, NCGS/NCWS). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the appearance of symptoms compatible with an acute attack of FMF following the ingestion of wheat or other foods, and the prevalence of self-perceived gluten/wheat sensitivity in patients with FMF.
Age range
6 Months – 80 Years
Sex
ALL
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Prevalence of the self-perception of wheat as a potential trigger of acute attack in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
Timeframe: From May 2024 to May 2025
Prevalence of the self-perception of other foods, other than wheat, as potential triggers of an acute attack in patients with FMF
Timeframe: From May 2024 to May 2025
Prevalence of self-reported NCGS/NCWS in patients with FMF
Timeframe: From May 2024 to May 2025