This research study will test the effectiveness of a culturally grounded parenting intervention called Parenting in 2 Worlds (P2W). This intervention is designed for American Indian / Alaska Native (AI) parents/guardians of adolescents who reside in urban areas. This will be a multi-regional effectiveness trial across four regions: Northeast (Buffalo/Niagara), Midwest (St. Paul/Minneapolis), Mountain (Denver), and Southwest (Phoenix). There are four specific aims. First, this study will test the effectiveness of Parenting in Two Worlds (P2W) as compared to an informational family health intervention, Healthy Families in 2 Worlds (HF2W), in improving parenting and family functioning. Second, this study will test if the relative effectiveness of P2W, compared to HF2W, varies by parent's/guardian's level of socioeconomic vulnerability, experiences of historical loss, or AI cultural identity. Third, this study will examine if P2W can reduce adolescent (ages 12 - 17) risky health behaviors including substance use, depressive symptoms, suicidality, and risky sexual behaviors. Fourth, this study will examine whether positive changes in parenting and family functioning that result from P2W lead to positive changes in adolescent's health behaviors.
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Change from baseline in family functioning and cohesion
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in parental involvement
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in parental supervision
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in parental monitoring
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in positive parenting practices
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in relational warmth
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in relational hostility
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in family conflict
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in parental self-agency
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in effective discipline
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in parental communication about sex
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in child problem behaviors.
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in decision making about risk behaviors
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in substance use
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up
Change from baseline in risky sexual behaviors
Timeframe: 10 week and 12 month follow up