The Effects of High-dose Dual Therapy With Probiotics on Gut Microbiota for Helicobacter Pylori Rescue Treatment

Inclusion Criteria: * Age from 18 to 65 years; * H.pylori infection diagnosed by 13C-urea breath test; * A period of more than two months since the last eradication therapy for H. pylori; * Patients who had previously failed 2 or more eradication regimens. Exclusion Criteria: * Allergy to any of the medications; * Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, GC, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or Active peptic ulcer; * Coexistence of significant concomitant illnesses, including heart disease, renal failure, hepatic disease, previous abdominal surgery, lactation, or pregnancy; * Patients who had used probiotics, vonoprazan, and antibiotics in the past 12 weeks; * Unwillingness to participate in this study.