OPV is the live attenuated vaccine against polio virus. OPV has been key in almost eradicating polio infection. Intriguingly, OPV has been associated with lower all-cause mortality and morbidity. These beneficial OPV effects were seen in contexts with no circulating polio virus and thus have nothing to do with the specific effects of OPV against polio infection. They have been coined "non-specific effects" (NSEs). Such NSEs have also been observed for other live attenuated vaccines such as BCG vaccine and measles vaccine. The underlying immunological mechanisms are unknown. Other live vaccines with beneficial NSEs have been shown to induce epigenetic changes leading to "trained immunity". They have also been associated with decreased inflammation. In the present study it will be investigates whether OPV can induce trained immunity, reduce inflammation, and induce epigenetic modifications of the innate immune cells in senior citizens in Guinea-Bissau.
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Levels of in vitro proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1-beta, TNF-alfa and IFN-gamma after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with non-OPV antigens and mitogens
Timeframe: 1 month after the intervention
Levels of plasma markers of systemic inflammation such as TNF ligand superfamily member 12 (TWEAK) and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2)
Timeframe: 1 month after the intervention
Amount of pseudo-bulk ATACseq and RNAseq - indicating chromatin accessibility of interferon-stimulated genes associated with the interferon response pathway in PBMCs.
Timeframe: 1 month after the intervention
Proportions of immune cell subsets
Timeframe: 1 month after the intervention