Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the dynamics between theta and alpha oscillations in the control of working memory. These findings will be informative of what types of brain stimulation are most effective at modulating brain activity. Deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation are used for an increasing number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Participants: Eligible participants are patients who have previously had electrodes implanted to monitor epilepsy (outside of research activity). 50 participants will be recruited, 25 participants for each phase of the study. Procedures (methods): The participants will perform a cognitive control task. During the task, rhythmic trains of direct cortical stimulation will be delivered to the frontal cortex alone or to the frontal and parietal cortex. Electrocorticography will be collected concurrent with stimulation.
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Change in Working Memory Task Performance - Pashler's working memory capacity metric (k)
Timeframe: During the 1- to 1.5-hour test at Baseline and Stimulation Session conducted over a 1 to 2 day period
Change in Working Memory Task Performance - Reaction Time
Timeframe: During the 1- to 1.5-hour test at Baseline and Stimulation Session conducted over a 1 to 2 day period
Intracranial EEG Multi-taper fft
Timeframe: During the 1- to 1.5-hour test at Baseline and Stimulation Session conducted over a 1 to 2 day period
Intracranial EEG weighted phase lag index (wPLI)
Timeframe: During the 1- to 1.5-hour test at Baseline and Stimulation Session conducted over a 1 to 2 day period