Reversal of Atrial Substrate to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation Cohort Study

Inclusion Criteria: * symptomatic AF (CCS-SAF ≥2), * paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation despite rate control, desiring catheter ablation and either: i) BMI ≥ 30 or, ii) at least two of the following: BMI\>27, BP\>140/90 mmHg or history of hypertension, Diabetes, Heart failure (prior heart failure admission or LVEF\<40%), Age ≥ 65 years, Prior stroke/TIA, Current smoker, Excessive alcohol use {For women: 10 or more drinks/week, more than 2 drinks a day (most days). For men: 15 or more drinks/week, more than 3 drinks a day (most days)}, and iii) declined or were not approached for participation in the main study. Eligible patients must have received catheter ablation for AF during the same timeline of the RASTA-AF Mian Study (November 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2025). Exclusion Criteria: * permanent AF (AF lasting \> 3 years), * prior catheter ablation for AF * New York Heart Association Class IV heart failure * participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program within the last year, * currently performing exercise training \>150 minutes/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, * unable to exercise, * unable to give informed consent, * other noncardiovascular medical condition making 1 year survival unlikely * less than 18 years of age