A Study of TAR-200 Versus Intravesical Chemotherapy in Participants With Recurrent High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (HR-NMIBC) After Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed diagnosis by local pathology (within 90 days of documented informed consent) of recurrent, papillary-only high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) \[defined as high-grade Ta or any T1, no carcinoma in situ (CIS)\] * Participants with variant histologic subtypes are allowed if tumor(s) demonstrate urothelial (transitional cell histology) predominance. However, neuroendocrine, and small cell variants will be excluded * Participants must be ineligible for or have elected not to undergo Radical Cystectomy (RC) * Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status Grade of 0, 1, or 2 Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of CIS at any point from time of diagnosis of papillary-only HR-NMIBC recurrence to randomization. Additionally, presence or history of histologically confirmed, muscle-invasive, locally advanced, nonresectable, or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (that is, T2, T3, T4, N+, and/or M+) * Presence of any bladder or urethral anatomic feature that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may prevent the safe placement, indwelling use, or removal of TAR-200. Participants with tumors involving the prostatic urethra in men will be excluded * A history of clinically significant polyuria with recorded 24-hour urine volumes greater than 4000 milliliters (\>4000 mL) * Indwelling catheters are not permitted; however, intermittent catheterization is acceptable * Previous treatment with TAR-200