Maternal Probiotic Intervention to Improve Gut Health

Inclusion Criteria: * Women aged 18 years or older in the first trimester or early second trimester of pregnancy, living in defined geographical areas of Bangladesh (Matlab), Pakistan, Senegal and Zambia, where it can be assumed that environmental enteropathy is universal Exclusion Criteria: * Potential participants will not be enrolled if they: * have had diarrhea, defined as the passage of three or more loose stools per 24 hours, in the preceding 14 days * have taken antibiotics or probiotics in the preceding 14 days * have taken steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the preceding 14 days * have severe pallor (hemoglobin concentration \<8g/dl) * have any chronic disease, illness or condition which in the opinion of the investigator will complicate the assessment of safety or efficacy * have any gastrointestinal contraindication to ingestion of a capsule (known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, stricture, fistula, gastroparesis, or any swallowing disorder) * have the plan to observe fast at any time during the intervention period * have the plan to leave the study area within the follow-up period * are included in any other intervention trial * belong to a household from which another woman is already enrolled in the study but may be enrolled if/when these disqualifiers have expired